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321 stainless steel, available from Solitaire Steel & Engineering LLP, Khetwadi, Mumbai, India, is a titanium-stabilized austenitic stainless steel known for its superior resistance to intergranular corrosion and strength in high-temperature environments. The titanium addition enhances resistance to chromium carbide precipitation, making it ideal for prolonged use at elevated temperatures of 800-1500°F. This material performs well in applications where stability and durability are essential, such as in aircraft, furnace parts, and heat exchangers.
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| Element | Content (%) |
|---|---|
| Carbon (C) | ≤ 0.08 |
| Chromium (Cr) | 17.0 – 19.0 |
| Nickel (Ni) | 9.0 – 12.0 |
| Manganese (Mn) | ≤ 2.0 |
| Silicon (Si) | ≤ 0.75 |
| Phosphorus (P) | ≤ 0.045 |
| Sulfur (S) | ≤ 0.03 |
| Titanium (Ti) | 5(C+N) min – 0.70 max |
| Nitrogen (N) | ≤ 0.10 |
| Iron (Fe) | Balance |
| Property | Metric | Imperial |
|---|---|---|
| Density | 7.90 g/cm³ | 0.286 lb/in³ |
| Modulus of Elasticity | 193 GPa | 28.0 x 10⁶ psi |
| Thermal Expansion | 16.6 µm/m°C (0-100°C) | 9.2 x 10⁻⁶ in/in°F |
| Thermal Conductivity | 16.1 W/m·K | 9.3 BTU/hr·ft·°F |
| Specific Heat Capacity | 500 J/kg·K | 0.12 BTU/lb·°F |
| Electrical Resistivity | 72 µΩ·cm | 28.4 µΩ·in |
| Property | Metric | Imperial |
|---|---|---|
| Tensile Strength | 515 MPa | 75,000 psi |
| Yield Strength | 205 MPa | 30,000 psi |
| Elongation at Break | 40% | 40% |
| Hardness (Rockwell B) | ≤ 95 | ≤ 95 |
| Property | Metric | Imperial |
|---|---|---|
| Electrical Resistivity | 72 µΩ·cm | 28.4 µΩ·in |
| Property | Metric | Imperial |
|---|---|---|
| Thermal Conductivity (at 100°C) | 16.1 W/m·K | 9.3 BTU/hr·ft·°F |
| Specific Heat Capacity | 500 J/kg·K | 0.12 BTU/lb·°F |
| Coefficient of Thermal Expansion | 16.6 µm/m°C (0-100°C) | 9.2 µin/in·°F |
| Product Type | Standards | Sizes | Types | Applications |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sheets & Plates | ASTM A240, A480 | Thickness: 1.5mm – 100mm | Hot Rolled, Cold Rolled | Aircraft manifolds, heat exchangers |
| Pipes & Tubes | ASTM A312, A213 | Diameter: 6mm – 1200mm | Seamless, Welded | Chemical processing, flue gas desulfurization |
| Bars | ASTM A276, A479 | Diameter: up to 150mm | Round, Square, Hex | Construction, heat-resistant applications |
| Angles, Channels, Beams | ASTM A484 | Custom sizes available | L-Angles, U-Channels, I-Beams | Structural, architectural, high-temp applications |
| Fittings | ASTM A403 | Size: 1/2″ – 72″ | Buttweld, Socket Weld | Piping systems, cryogenic processing |
Due to its high-temperature stability and resistance to carbide precipitation, 321 stainless steel is ideal for:
While both grades offer excellent corrosion resistance, 321 outperforms 304 in high-temperature applications due to its titanium stabilization, which prevents chromium carbide precipitation, making it ideal for prolonged high-temperature usage.
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