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409 Stainless Steel is a ferritic steel known for its good mechanical properties and resistance to oxidation at high temperatures. This grade is primarily used in automotive exhaust systems due to its balance of corrosion resistance, strength, and affordability. It contains chromium and is stabilized by titanium to enhance its weldability, forming a protective oxide layer for corrosion resistance.
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| Element | Content (%) |
|---|---|
| Carbon (C) | ≤ 0.08 |
| Chromium (Cr) | 10.5 – 11.75 |
| Nickel (Ni) | ≤ 0.5 |
| Manganese (Mn) | ≤ 1.0 |
| Silicon (Si) | ≤ 1.0 |
| Phosphorus (P) | ≤ 0.045 |
| Sulfur (S) | ≤ 0.030 |
| Titanium (Ti) | 6 x C – 0.75 |
| Iron (Fe) | Balance |
| Property | Metric | Imperial |
|---|---|---|
| Density | 7.80 g/cm³ | 0.282 lb/in³ |
| Modulus of Elasticity | 200 GPa | 29.0 x 10⁶ psi |
| Thermal Expansion | 11.0 µm/m°C (0-100°C) | 6.1 x 10⁻⁶ in/in°F |
| Thermal Conductivity | 25.8 W/m·K | 14.9 BTU/hr·ft·°F |
| Specific Heat Capacity | 460 J/kg·K | 0.11 BTU/lb·°F |
| Electrical Resistivity | 600 nΩ·m | 24.8 µΩ·in |
| Property | Metric | Imperial |
|---|---|---|
| Tensile Strength | 450 MPa | 65,000 psi |
| Yield Strength | 240 MPa | 35,000 psi |
| Elongation at Break | 20% | 20% |
| Hardness (Rockwell B) | ≤ 88 | ≤ 88 |
| Property | Metric | Imperial |
|---|---|---|
| Electrical Resistivity | 600 nΩ·m | 24.8 µΩ·in |
| Property | Metric | Imperial |
|---|---|---|
| Thermal Conductivity (at 100°C) | 25.8 W/m·K | 14.9 BTU/hr·ft·°F |
| Specific Heat Capacity | 460 J/kg·K | 0.11 BTU/lb·°F |
| Coefficient of Thermal Expansion | 11.0 µm/m°C (0-100°C) | 6.1 µin/in·°F |
| Product Type | Standards | Sizes | Types | Applications |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sheets & Plates | ASTM A240 | Thickness: 1.5mm – 100mm | Hot Rolled, Cold Rolled | Automotive exhaust, catalytic converters |
| Pipes & Tubes | ASTM A268, A249 | Diameter: 6mm – 1200mm | Seamless, Welded | Exhaust systems, mufflers |
| Bars | ASTM A276 | Diameter: up to 150mm | Round, Square, Hex | Industrial structures, supports |
| Angles, Channels, Beams | ASTM A484 | Custom sizes available | L-Angles, U-Channels, I-Beams | Architectural structures, heat-resistant equipment |
| Fittings | ASTM A403 | Size: 1/2″ – 72″ | Buttweld, Socket Weld | High-temperature components |
409 stainless steel is commonly used in applications where its high-temperature and corrosion-resistant properties are essential:
While 304 stainless steel offers superior corrosion resistance, 409 stainless steel is more affordable and sufficient for applications like exhaust systems, where high temperature and basic corrosion resistance are prioritized.
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