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416 Stainless Steel (UNS S41600) is a martensitic, chromium-based alloy known as the first free-machining stainless steel. This grade is highly machinable due to its sulfur content, allowing for fast machining rates while maintaining moderate corrosion resistance and high strength. It is commonly used in applications where extensive machining is required, like shafts, gears, and pump parts.
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| Element | Content (%) |
|---|---|
| Carbon (C) | ≤ 0.15 |
| Chromium (Cr) | 12.0 – 14.0 |
| Sulfur (S) | ≥ 0.15 |
| Manganese (Mn) | ≤ 1.25 |
| Silicon (Si) | ≤ 1.0 |
| Phosphorus (P) | ≤ 0.06 |
| Iron (Fe) | Balance |
| Property | Metric | Imperial |
|---|---|---|
| Density | 7.75 g/cm³ | 0.280 lb/in³ |
| Modulus of Elasticity | 200 GPa | 29 x 10⁶ psi |
| Thermal Expansion | 9.9 – 11.6 µm/m°C | 5.5 – 6.4 x 10⁻⁶ in/in°F |
| Thermal Conductivity | 24.9 – 28.7 W/m·K | 14.4 – 16.6 BTU/hr·ft·°F |
| Specific Heat Capacity | 460 J/kg·K | 0.11 BTU/lb·°F |
| Electrical Resistivity | 570 nΩ·m | 23.5 µΩ·in |
| Condition | Tensile Strength (MPa) | Yield Strength (MPa) | Elongation (%) | Hardness (Brinell) | Hardness (Rockwell B) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Annealed | 517 | 276 | 30 | 262 | 82 |
| Hardened & Tempered | 758 – 1405 | 586 – 1110 | 11 – 20 | 248 – 401 | – |
| Property | Metric | Imperial |
|---|---|---|
| Electrical Resistivity | 570 nΩ·m | 23.5 µΩ·in |
| Property | Metric | Imperial |
|---|---|---|
| Thermal Conductivity | 24.9 – 28.7 W/m·K | 14.4 – 16.6 BTU/hr·ft·°F |
| Specific Heat Capacity | 460 J/kg·K | 0.11 BTU/lb·°F |
| Melting Point | 1482 – 1527°C | 2700 – 2780°F |
| Product Type | Standards | Sizes | Types | Applications |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sheets & Plates | ASTM A240 | Thickness: 1.5mm – 100mm | Hot Rolled, Cold Rolled | Turbine blades, machine parts |
| Pipes & Tubes | ASTM A268, A249 | Diameter: 6mm – 1200mm | Seamless, Welded | Industrial equipment, automotive exhausts |
| Bars | ASTM A276 | Diameter: up to 150mm | Round, Square, Hex | Gears, shafts, bolts, and screws |
| Angles, Channels, Beams | ASTM A484 | Custom sizes available | L-Angles, U-Channels, I-Beams | Construction, industrial frameworks |
| Fittings | ASTM A403 | Size: 1/2″ – 72″ | Buttweld, Socket Weld | Petrochemical and water treatment equipment |
Widely used in applications where machinability is a priority, 416 Stainless Steel is ideal for:
While 416 Stainless Steel offers superior machinability, 304 Stainless Steel is preferred in environments requiring higher corrosion resistance and weldability. This makes 304 suitable for marine and chloride-prone settings, whereas 416 is favored for dry, mildly corrosive environments with machining-intensive requirements.
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