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431 Stainless Steel is a high-chromium, low-nickel martensitic stainless steel that is heat-treatable to provide high tensile strength and moderate corrosion resistance. It is particularly suited for marine applications, pump shafts, aircraft components, and fasteners, where high strength, toughness, and corrosion resistance are crucial.
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| Element | Composition (%) |
|---|---|
| Carbon (C) | 0.12 – 0.20 |
| Chromium (Cr) | 15.0 – 18.0 |
| Nickel (Ni) | 1.25 – 3.0 |
| Manganese (Mn) | ≤ 1.00 |
| Silicon (Si) | ≤ 1.00 |
| Phosphorus (P) | ≤ 0.040 |
| Sulfur (S) | ≤ 0.030 |
| Iron (Fe) | Balance |
| Property | Metric | Imperial |
|---|---|---|
| Density | 7.8 g/cm³ | 0.282 lb/in³ |
| Elastic Modulus | 200 GPa | 29.0 x 10⁶ psi |
| Thermal Conductivity (at 100°C) | 20.2 W/m·K | 11.7 BTU/hr·ft·°F |
| Coefficient of Thermal Expansion | 10.2 µm/m°C | 5.6 x 10⁻⁶ in/in°F |
| Specific Heat | 460 J/kg·K | 0.11 BTU/lb·°F |
| Electrical Resistivity | 720 nΩ·m | 28.3 µΩ·in |
| Melting Point | 1482°C | 2700°F |
| Condition | Tensile Strength (MPa) | Yield Strength (MPa) | Elongation (%) | Hardness (HB) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Annealed | 862 | 655 | 20 | 285 |
| Tempered (250°C) | 1370 | 1030 | 16 | 410 |
| Tempered (650°C) | 920 | 690 | 20 | 270 |
| Tempered (1020°C, quenched) | 940 | 750 | 19 | 280 |
| Property | Metric | Imperial |
|---|---|---|
| Thermal Conductivity | 20.2 W/m·K at 100°C | 11.7 BTU/hr·ft·°F |
| Coefficient of Thermal Expansion | 10.2 µm/m°C | 5.6 x 10⁻⁶ in/in°F |
| Melting Point | 1482°C | 2700°F |
| Property | Metric | Imperial |
|---|---|---|
| Electrical Resistivity | 720 nΩ·m | 28.3 µΩ·in |
| Product Type | Standards | Sizes | Types | Applications |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sheets & Plates | ASTM A276 | Thickness: 1.5mm – 50mm | Hot Rolled, Cold Rolled | Marine components, fasteners |
| Pipes & Tubes | ASTM A268 | Diameter: 6mm – 1200mm | Seamless, Welded | Industrial fluid systems, pump shafts |
| Bars | ASTM A276 | Diameter: up to 100mm | Round, Square, Hex | Shafts, fasteners, pump components |
| Angles, Channels, Beams | ASTM A484 | Custom sizes available | L-Angles, U-Channels, I-Beams | Structural marine and industrial use |
| Fittings | ASTM A403 | Size: 1/2″ – 72″ | Buttweld, Socket Weld | Marine and industrial assemblies |
The high strength, hardness, and moderate corrosion resistance of 431 Stainless Steel make it ideal for:
431 Stainless Steel provides higher tensile strength and better corrosion resistance compared to other martensitic grades like 410. However, compared to austenitic grades, 431 has lower overall corrosion resistance but higher mechanical strength, making it suitable for mechanical applications in mildly corrosive environments.
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