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440C Stainless Steel

440C Stainless Steel is a high-carbon, martensitic stainless steel offering excellent hardness, wear resistance, and moderate corrosion resistance. Known for attaining the highest hardness levels among stainless alloys, it performs well in environments that require wear and corrosion resistance. Applications include cutlery, ball bearings, valve components, and surgical instruments.

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Chemical Composition of 440C Stainless Steel

Element	Composition (%)
Carbon (C)	0.95 – 1.20
Chromium (Cr)	16.0 – 18.0
Molybdenum (Mo)	≤ 0.75
Manganese (Mn)	≤ 1.00
Silicon (Si)	≤ 1.00
Phosphorus (P)	≤ 0.040
Sulfur (S)	≤ 0.030
Iron (Fe)	Balance

Technical Specifications of 440C Stainless Steel

Physical Properties

Property	Metric	Imperial
Density	7.65 g/cm³	0.278 lb/in³
Elastic Modulus	200 GPa	29.0 x 10⁶ psi
Thermal Conductivity (at 100°C)	24.2 W/m·K	14 BTU/hr·ft·°F
Coefficient of Thermal Expansion	10.1 µm/m°C	5.6 x 10⁻⁶ in/in°F
Specific Heat	460 J/kg·K	0.11 BTU/lb·°F
Electrical Resistivity	600 nΩ·m	23.6 µΩ·in
Melting Point	1370 – 1480°C	2500 – 2700°F

Mechanical Properties

Tempering Temperature (°C)	Tensile Strength (MPa)	Yield Strength (MPa)	Elongation (%)	Hardness (HRC)
Annealed	758	448	14	269 HB max
Tempered (204°C)	2030	1900	4	59
Tempered (260°C)	1960	1830	4	57
Tempered (371°C)	1790	1660	4	56

Thermal Properties

Property	Metric	Imperial
Thermal Conductivity (at 100°C)	24.2 W/m·K	14 BTU/hr·ft·°F
Coefficient of Thermal Expansion	10.1 µm/m°C	5.6 x 10⁻⁶ in/in°F
Melting Point	1370 – 1480°C	2500 – 2700°F

Electrical Properties

Property	Metric	Imperial
Electrical Resistivity	600 nΩ·m	23.6 µΩ·in

Product Specifications by Solitaire Steel & Engineering LLP

Product Type	Standards	Sizes	Types	Applications
Sheets & Plates	ASTM A276	Thickness: 1.5mm – 50mm	Hot Rolled, Cold Rolled	Knife blades, precision instruments
Pipes & Tubes	ASTM A268, A249	Diameter: 6mm – 1200mm	Seamless, Welded	Medical instruments, food processing
Bars	ASTM A276	Diameter: up to 100mm	Round, Square, Hex	Fasteners, bushings, wear-resistant parts
Angles, Channels, Beams	ASTM A484	Custom sizes available	L-Angles, U-Channels, I-Beams	Structural and load-bearing applications
Fittings	ASTM A403	Size: 1/2″ – 72″	Buttweld, Socket Weld	Industrial, marine applications

Processing and Fabrication Properties of 440C Stainless Steel

Forming: Suitable for cold forming but may require high-power tooling due to hardness.
Welding: Rarely welded due to hardening tendencies. Preheating to 260°C and post-weld heat treatment recommended.
Heat Treatment:
- Annealing: Heat to 850-900°C, then furnace cool.
- Hardening: Heat to 1010-1070°C, followed by oil quenching. Air cooling possible for smaller sections.
- Tempering: Typically tempered between 150-400°C for a balance of hardness and toughness. Tempering above 400°C reduces corrosion resistance.
Machinability: Machining best performed in the annealed condition, but harder once heat-treated.

Applications of 440C Stainless Steel

The high hardness and moderate corrosion resistance of 440C Stainless Steel make it suitable for:

Cutlery: Ideal for knife blades and cutting tools.
Medical Instruments: Commonly used in surgical tools due to high wear resistance.
Industrial Tools: Suited for shear blades, dies, and chisels.
Bearings and Valves: Perfect for components in high-wear applications.