Stainless Steel

Solitaire Steel & Engineering LLP Stainless Steel Manufacturer, Supplier, and Stockist in Mumbai, India – Product Range

Solitaire Steel & Engineering LLP offers a comprehensive range of high-quality stainless steel products manufactured to meet the diverse needs of industries worldwide. Our products are crafted with precision, durability, and adaptability, making them ideal for various applications. Here’s an overview of our stainless steel product range:

1. Stainless Steel Plates and Sheets
   Our stainless steel plates and sheets come in multiple grades, such as 304, 316, and 310, to provide versatility for heavy-duty applications. These products are known for their exceptional strength, resistance to corrosion, and ability to withstand extreme temperatures, making them ideal for use in construction, machinery manufacturing, and chemical processing.
2. Stainless Steel Bars and Rods
   We offer stainless steel bars and rods in various forms, including round, square, and hexagonal, to suit different machining and structural needs. These bars provide superior strength, ductility, and corrosion resistance, making them suitable for applications in construction, automotive, and manufacturing.
3. Stainless Steel Pipes and Tubes
   Available in both seamless and welded types, our stainless steel pipes and tubes cater to industries that demand durability and corrosion resistance, such as oil & gas, water treatment, and petrochemical. These pipes and tubes are crafted to handle high-pressure and high-temperature environments.
4. Stainless Steel Fittings
   Our range of stainless steel fittings includes elbows, tees, reducers, and couplings, designed to ensure secure and leak-free connections within piping systems. These fittings are manufactured with high precision and quality, suitable for both industrial and commercial applications.
5. Stainless Steel Coils and Strips
   Our stainless steel coils and strips are known for their excellent formability and precision, making them ideal for applications in the automotive, manufacturing, and electronics industries. They are available in a variety of grades and thicknesses to accommodate specific industrial requirements.
6. Stainless Steel Flanges
   We provide both standard and custom stainless steel flanges in various sizes and pressure ratings. Our flanges are essential for piping systems across industries, ensuring durability and reliability in connecting pipes, valves, and other components securely.
7. Stainless Steel Angles, Channels, and Beams
   Our stainless steel structural components include angles, channels, and beams, which are essential for construction and engineering applications. These components offer exceptional strength, stability, and resistance to harsh environmental conditions.
8. Customized Stainless Steel Components
   For specialized projects, we offer customized stainless steel components tailored to meet unique specifications and standards. These components are manufactured with precision and attention to detail, ensuring they align perfectly with client requirements across various industries.

Stainless Steel Gardes

Types and Families of Stainless Steel for Industrial Use

Stainless steel is classified into distinct families, each with unique characteristics suited to specific industrial applications. Understanding these families is crucial for selecting the right stainless steel type for demanding environments, given each family’s different properties in corrosion resistance, strength, and suitability for high-stress or high-temperature applications.

1. Austenitic Stainless Steel

Austenitic stainless steels are the most commonly used family, making up around 70% of all stainless steel production. They are known for their high chromium and nickel content, which provides superior corrosion resistance and the ability to maintain strength and toughness at both high and low temperatures.

• Composition: Typically contains 16-26% chromium and 6-22% nickel, with some grades including molybdenum (up to 3%) for enhanced resistance to pitting in chloride environments.
• Properties: These steels are non-magnetic, easily formable, and highly resistant to corrosion. They can be further strengthened by cold working, making them adaptable for various shapes and structures. Austenitic steels are also weldable, making them ideal for construction and manufacturing applications.
• Common Grades: 304, 316, and 321.
• Applications: Used in food processing, chemical and pharmaceutical equipment, kitchen appliances, architectural components, and marine applications. Grade 316, with added molybdenum, is especially suitable for environments exposed to saltwater or chemicals.

2. Ferritic Stainless Steel

Ferritic stainless steels are magnetic and known for their good corrosion resistance, especially in mild corrosive environments. These steels have a body-centered cubic (BCC) crystal structure, similar to pure iron, which gives them specific properties ideal for certain applications.

• Composition: Contains 10.5-18% chromium with very low or no nickel content, making them more affordable than austenitic grades. Some ferritic steels may also include stabilizing elements like titanium or niobium.
• Properties: These steels offer good resistance to stress corrosion cracking and excellent formability. However, they have lower ductility and weldability compared to austenitic steels, which can limit their applications in highly demanding environments.
• Common Grades: 409, 430, and 434.
• Applications: Often used in automotive exhaust systems, heat exchangers, and home appliances. Grade 430, for instance, is a popular choice for kitchen sinks, decorative applications, and industrial equipment requiring moderate corrosion resistance.

3. Martensitic Stainless Steel

Martensitic stainless steels are characterized by their high strength and hardness, making them ideal for applications that require wear resistance. These steels can be heat-treated to enhance their hardness, but they have lower corrosion resistance compared to other stainless steel families.

• Composition: Typically contains 12-18% chromium with a higher carbon content, which contributes to its increased hardness. This family lacks significant nickel, making it less costly, but also less resistant to corrosion than austenitic or duplex steels.
• Properties: Martensitic stainless steels are magnetic and offer high hardness, strength, and wear resistance. However, they are generally not as corrosion-resistant as austenitic or duplex steels and have limited weldability.
• Common Grades: 410, 420, and 440.
• Applications: Used in cutlery, surgical instruments, valves, and pumps where high hardness and wear resistance are essential. Grade 440, for example, is popular in tooling and high-strength applications due to its extreme hardness after heat treatment.

4. Duplex Stainless Steel

Duplex stainless steels combine the best features of both austenitic and ferritic families, offering high strength and excellent corrosion resistance. This family has a microstructure that consists of a 50-50 mix of austenitic and ferritic phases, giving it unique advantages over each type individually.

• Composition: Typically contains 20-28% chromium, 1-8% nickel, and around 2-5% molybdenum for enhanced chloride resistance. Nitrogen is often added to improve strength and resistance to pitting.
• Properties: Duplex steels are about twice as strong as austenitic grades, offering high resistance to stress corrosion cracking and pitting, especially in environments with chlorides. They are magnetic and exhibit good weldability and formability.
• Common Grades: 2205 and super duplex 2507.
• Applications: Ideal for high-stress environments like offshore oil and gas facilities, chemical processing plants, and marine equipment where both strength and resistance to corrosive substances are critical.

5. Precipitation-Hardening (PH) Stainless Steel

PH stainless steels are designed for applications requiring very high strength and hardness through a process known as precipitation hardening. This family combines the corrosion resistance of austenitic stainless steels with the high strength of martensitic grades.

• Composition: Typically contains 15-17% chromium, 3-7% nickel, and additional alloying elements like copper, aluminum, or niobium to allow for precipitation hardening through controlled heat treatment.
• Properties: PH steels offer a combination of high strength, hardness, and moderate corrosion resistance. They are magnetic and can be heat-treated to achieve exceptional mechanical properties, making them suitable for extreme conditions.
• Common Grades: 17-4 PH and 15-5 PH.
• Applications: Frequently used in aerospace, automotive, and defense industries for components such as gears, valves, and high-stress parts that require a high level of hardness and wear resistance.

Stainless Steel Grades and International Equivalents Chart

Stainless steel grades vary globally, each classified according to standards set by organizations such as ASTM (American Society for Testing and Materials), EN (European Norms), JIS (Japanese Industrial Standards), and UNS (Unified Numbering System). While the properties of stainless steel grades may be similar across standards, there can be minor differences in composition and performance requirements. Understanding these equivalents is essential for selecting materials compatible with international specifications, especially in industries that operate across borders, such as automotive, construction, and manufacturing.

By comparing grades across ASTM, EN, JIS, and UNS standards, this chart helps manufacturers, suppliers, and engineers identify suitable materials for specific applications, ensuring quality, durability, and regulatory compliance in any region.

ISO Name	ISO Designation	EN	UNS	AISI	JIS
4372-201-00-I	X12CrMnNiN17-7-5	1.4372	S20100	201	SUS201
4373-202-00-I	X12CrMnNiN18-9-5	1.4373	S20200	202	SUS202
4318-301-53-I	X2CrNiN18-7	1.4318	S30153	301LN	SUS301L
4319-301-00-I	X5CrNi17-7	1.4319	S30100	301	SUS301
4326-302-15-I	X12CrNiSi18-9-3	1.4326	S30215	302Si	SUS302B
4325-302-00-E	X9CrNi18-9	1.4325	S30200	302	SUS302
4667-303-76-J	X12CrNiCuS18-9	1.4667, 1.4570	N/A	303Cu	SUS303Cu
4625-303-23-X	X12CrNiSe18-9	1.4625	S30323	303Se	SUS303Se
4305-303-00-I	X10CrNiS18-9	1.4305	S30300	303	SUS303
4570-303-31-I	X6CrNiCuS18-9-2	1.4570	S30331	303Cu	N/A
4311-304-53-I	X2CrNiN18-9	1.4311	S30453	304LN	SUS304LN
4650-304-75-E	X2CrNiCu19-10	1.4650	N/A	304LCu	SUS304L
4948-304-09-I	X7CrNi18-9	1.4948	S30409	304H	N/A
4567-304-98-X	X6CrNiCu18-9-2	1.4567	S30431	304Cu	SUS304J3
4315-304-51-I	X5CrNiN19-9	1.4315	S30451	304N	SUS304N1
4306-304-03-I	X2CrNi19-11	1.4306	S30403	304L	SUS304L
4301-304-00-I	X5CrNi18-9	1.4301	S30400	304	SUS304
4303-305-00-I	X6CrNi18-12	1.4303	S30500	305	SUS305
4833-309-08-I	X18CrNi23-13	1.4833	S30908	309S	SUH309
4950-309-08-E	X6CrNi23-13	1.4950	S30908	309S	SUS309S
4845-310-08-E	X8CrNi25-21	1.4845	S31008	310S	SUS310S
4841-314-00-E	X15CrNiSi25-21	1.4841	S31400	314	N/A
4571-316-35-I	X6CrNiMoTi17-12-2	1.4571	S31635	316Ti	SUS316Ti
4432-316-03-I	X2CrNiMo17-12-3	1.4432	S31603	316L	SUS316L
4429-316-53-I	X2CrNiMoN17-12-3	1.4429	S31653	316LN	SUS316LN
4495-316-51-J	X6CrNiMoN17-12-3	1.4495	S31651	316N	SUS316N
4435-316-91-I	X2CrNiMo18-14-3	1.4435	S31603	316L	SUS316L
4494-316-74-J	X6CrNiMoS17-12-3	1.4494	S31620	316F	N/A
4401-316-00-I	X5CrNiMo17-12-2	1.4401	S31600	316	SUS316
4438-317-03-I	X2CrNiMo19-14-4	1.4438	S31703	317LN	SUS317L
4445-317-00-U	X6CrNiMo19-13-4	1.4445	S31700	317	SUS317
4434-317-53-I	X2CrNiMoN18-12-4	1.4434	S31753	317LN	SUS317LN
4940-321-09-I	X7CrNiTi18-10	1.4940, 1.4541	S32109	321H	SUS321H
4541-321-00-I	X6CrNiTi18-10	1.4541	S32100	321	SUS321
4912-347-09-I	X7CrNiNb18-10	1.4912	S34709	347H	SUS347H
4550-347-00-I	X6CrNiNb18-10	1.4550	S34700	347	SUS347
4480-329-00-U	X6CrNiMo26-4-2	1.4480	S32900	329	SUS329J1
4002-405-00-I	X6CrAl13	1.4002	S40500	405	SUS405
4720-409-00-I	X2CrTi12	1.4720	S40900	409	SUH409L
4012-429-00-X	X10Cr15	1.4012	S42900	429	SUS429
4510-430-35-I	X3CrTi17	1.4510	S43035	439	SUS430LX
4004-430-20-I	X7CrS17	1.4004	S43020	430F	SUS430F
4016-430-00-I	X6Cr17	1.4016	S43000	430	SUS430
4113-434-00-I	X6CrMo17-1	1.4113	S43400	434	SUS434
4513-436-00-J	X2CrMoNbTi18-1	1.4513	S43600	436	SUS436L
4521-444-00-I	X2CrMoTi18-2	1.4521	S44400	444	SUS444
4749-446-00-I	X15CrN26	1.4749	S44600	446	SUH446
4006-410-00-I	X12Cr13	1.4006	S41000	410	SUS410
4005-416-00-I	X12CrS13	1.4005	S41600	416	SUS416
4029-420-20-I	X33CrS13	1.4029	S42020	420F	SUS420F
4021-420-00-I	X20Cr13	1.4021	S42000	420	SUS420J1
4929-422-00-I	X23CrMoWMnNiV12-1-1	1.4929	S42200	422	SUH616
4019-430-20-I	X14CrS17	1.4019, 1.4104	S43020	430F	S11717
4057-431-00-X	X17CrNi16-2	1.4057	S43100	431	SUS431
4025-440-74-J	X110CrS17	1.4025	N/A	440F	SUS440F
4023-440-04-I	X110Cr17	1.4023	S44004	440C	SUS440C
4041-440-03-X	X85Cr17	1.4041	S44003	440B	SUS440B
4040-440-02-X	X68Cr17	1.4040	S44002	440A	SUS440A

Complete EN Stainless Steel Grades and Specifications Chart

The EN (European Norm) standards provide a comprehensive classification system for stainless steel grades widely used across Europe and other regions. These standards define the chemical composition, mechanical properties, and specific applications of each grade. Understanding EN grades is crucial for industries that require specific performance characteristics, from construction and automotive to food processing and chemical manufacturing.

Below is a detailed chart of EN stainless steel grades with their specifications, helping engineers and manufacturers identify the right material for their projects.

EN Grade	ISO Name	Composition (Main Elements)	Properties	Common Applications
X12CrMnNiN17-7-5	1.4372	17% Cr, 7% Ni, Mn, N	Good strength and corrosion resistance	Architectural trim, automotive trim
X12CrMnNiN18-9-5	1.4373	18% Cr, 9% Ni, Mn, N	High strength, moderate corrosion resistance	Structural components, appliance trim
X2CrNiN18-7	1.4318	18% Cr, 7% Ni, N	Good formability, excellent weldability	Kitchen equipment, food processing
X5CrNi17-7	1.4319	17% Cr, 7% Ni	High strength, good corrosion resistance	Springs, fasteners, automotive trim
X12CrNiSi18-9-3	1.4326	18% Cr, 9% Ni, Si	Enhanced corrosion resistance	Automotive exhaust systems, high-temperature components
X9CrNi18-9	1.4325	18% Cr, 9% Ni	Moderate corrosion resistance, weldable	Industrial piping, construction
X6CrNiCuS18-9-2	1.4570	18% Cr, 9% Ni, Cu, S	Free-machining grade, good corrosion resistance	Machine parts, fasteners
X2CrNiCu19-10	1.4650	19% Cr, 10% Ni, Cu	Excellent formability, moderate corrosion resistance	Food processing equipment, decorative components
X6CrNiTi18-10	1.4541	18% Cr, 10% Ni, Ti	High-temperature resistance, corrosion-resistant	Automotive, aerospace components
X2CrNiMo17-12-3	1.4432	17% Cr, 12% Ni, 3% Mo	Enhanced pitting resistance in chlorides	Marine, chemical processing
X5CrNiMo17-12-2	1.4401	17% Cr, 12% Ni, 2% Mo	General-purpose corrosion resistance	Pharmaceutical, medical devices
X2CrNiMo18-14-3	1.4435	18% Cr, 14% Ni, 3% Mo	Excellent pitting resistance, high formability	Chemical processing, marine applications
X7CrNiTi18-10	1.4940, 1.4541	18% Cr, 10% Ni, Ti	High temperature and oxidation resistance	Heat exchangers, chemical equipment
X6CrNiMoTi17-12-2	1.4571	17% Cr, 12% Ni, 2% Mo, Ti	Excellent resistance to intergranular corrosion	Chemical and pharmaceutical processing
X2CrNiMoN18-12-4	1.4434	18% Cr, 12% Ni, 4% Mo, N	High corrosion and pitting resistance	Offshore, marine, petrochemical environments
X6CrMo17-1	1.4113	17% Cr, 1% Mo	Enhanced corrosion resistance	Water treatment, chemical processing
X12Cr13	1.4006	12% Cr	High hardness, moderate corrosion resistance	Tools, cutlery, valve parts
X20Cr13	1.4021	13% Cr	Good corrosion resistance, heat-treatable	Surgical instruments, fasteners, pump shafts
X6CrMoNbTi18-1	1.4513	18% Cr, Mo, Nb, Ti	High oxidation and pitting resistance	Automotive exhaust, marine equipment
X15CrN26	1.4749	26% Cr, Ni	Very high oxidation resistance	High-temperature industrial applications
X8CrNi25-21	1.4845	25% Cr, 21% Ni	Superior high-temperature resistance	Furnace parts, heat treatment equipment
X6CrNiCu18-9-2	1.4567	18% Cr, 9% Ni, Cu	Good machinability, moderate corrosion resistance	Electrical connectors, fasteners
X3CrTi17	1.4510	17% Cr, Ti	Good formability, corrosion resistance	Automotive trim, washing machine drums
X2CrMoTi18-2	1.4521	18% Cr, 2% Mo, Ti	Superior resistance to pitting and crevice corrosion	Desalination equipment, marine applications

Comprehensive ASTM Stainless Steel Grades Chart

ASTM (American Society for Testing and Materials) standards define essential performance and composition requirements for stainless steel grades used in industries worldwide. Recognized globally, these standards ensure that materials meet strict quality criteria for specific applications, from chemical processing and construction to aerospace and medical fields. Aligning ASTM grades with equivalent standards from EN (European Norm), JIS (Japanese Industrial Standards), and UNS (Unified Numbering System) supports seamless material selection across regions.

The chart below provides a comprehensive overview of ASTM stainless steel grades, helping engineers, manufacturers, and suppliers identify equivalent materials that meet ASTM specifications.

ASTM Grade	UNS Number	EN Standard	JIS Standard	Common Properties	Typical Applications
304	S30400	1.4301	SUS304	General corrosion resistance, weldable	Food processing, kitchen equipment
304L	S30403	1.4306	SUS304L	Low carbon, improved weldability	Chemical storage, architecture
304H	S30409	1.4948	–	High temperature and creep resistance	Heat exchangers, boilers
316	S31600	1.4401	SUS316	Superior resistance to chlorides	Marine, chemical processing
316L	S31603	1.4404	SUS316L	Low carbon, improved pitting resistance	Medical devices, pharmaceutical equipment
316Ti	S31635	1.4571	SUS316Ti	Enhanced resistance to intergranular corrosion	Chemical processing, high-temperature environments
321	S32100	1.4541	SUS321	Titanium stabilized, resists carbide precipitation	Aerospace, exhaust systems
347	S34700	1.4550	SUS347	Niobium stabilized, resists sensitization	Power generation, chemical reactors
410	S41000	1.4006	SUS410	High strength, moderate corrosion resistance	Cutlery, valve parts
420	S42000	1.4021	SUS420J1	Hardness, wear resistance	Surgical instruments, tools
430	S43000	1.4016	SUS430	Magnetic, good formability	Automotive trim, appliances
440C	S44004	1.4125	SUS440C	Highest hardness and wear resistance	Bearings, cutlery, high-stress components
2205	S32205	1.4462	–	Duplex, high strength, chloride resistance	Offshore structures, chemical tanks
904L	N08904	1.4539	SUS890L	Excellent resistance to acids	Petrochemical, pharmaceutical applications
17-4 PH	S17400	1.4542	–	Precipitation-hardening, high strength	Aerospace, pump shafts
15-5 PH	S15500	–	–	Superior toughness, corrosion resistance	Aerospace, nuclear waste containers
302	S30200	1.4325	SUS302	Excellent toughness and strength	Springs, automotive components
309S	S30908	1.4833	SUS309S	High temperature resistance	Furnace parts, kiln liners
310S	S31008	1.4845	SUS310S	Oxidation resistance at high temperatures	Heat exchangers, high-temperature furnaces
317L	S31703	1.4438	SUS317L	Higher corrosion resistance than 316	Chemical processing, textile industry

Stainless Steel Grades Chemical Composition Chart

The chemical composition of stainless steel determines its performance characteristics, such as corrosion resistance, strength, hardness, and suitability for different applications. Key elements like chromium (Cr), nickel (Ni), and molybdenum (Mo) are crucial in enhancing specific properties, with chromium providing corrosion resistance, nickel improving ductility, and molybdenum increasing resistance to chlorides. Understanding the composition of each grade is essential for choosing the right material in construction, manufacturing, food processing, and more.

The chart below provides the chemical composition for popular stainless steel grades, making it easy to compare and select materials that meet specific application requirements.

Grade	Cr (%)	Ni (%)	Mo (%)	C (%)	Mn (%)	Si (%)	P (%)	S (%)	N (%)
304	18-20	8-10.5	–	≤ 0.08	≤ 2.0	≤ 0.75	≤ 0.045	≤ 0.03	–
304L	18-20	8-12	–	≤ 0.03	≤ 2.0	≤ 0.75	≤ 0.045	≤ 0.03	–
316	16-18	10-14	2-3	≤ 0.08	≤ 2.0	≤ 0.75	≤ 0.045	≤ 0.03	–
316L	16-18	10-14	2-3	≤ 0.03	≤ 2.0	≤ 0.75	≤ 0.045	≤ 0.03	–
321	17-19	9-12	–	≤ 0.08	≤ 2.0	≤ 0.75	≤ 0.045	≤ 0.03	–
347	17-19	9-13	–	≤ 0.08	≤ 2.0	≤ 0.75	≤ 0.045	≤ 0.03	–
410	11.5-13.5	–	–	≤ 0.15	≤ 1.0	≤ 1.0	≤ 0.04	≤ 0.03	–
420	12-14	–	–	≤ 0.15	≤ 1.0	≤ 1.0	≤ 0.04	≤ 0.03	–
430	16-18	–	–	≤ 0.12	≤ 1.0	≤ 1.0	≤ 0.04	≤ 0.03	–
440C	16-18	–	–	≤ 1.2	≤ 1.0	≤ 1.0	≤ 0.04	≤ 0.03	–
2205	22-23	4.5-6.5	3-3.5	≤ 0.03	≤ 2.0	≤ 1.0	≤ 0.03	≤ 0.02	0.08-0.2
904L	19-23	23-28	4-5	≤ 0.02	≤ 2.0	≤ 1.0	≤ 0.045	≤ 0.035	–
17-4 PH	15-17	3-5	–	≤ 0.07	≤ 1.0	≤ 1.0	≤ 0.04	≤ 0.03	–
15-5 PH	14-15.5	3.5-5.5	–	≤ 0.07	≤ 1.0	≤ 1.0	≤ 0.04	≤ 0.03	–
302	17-19	8-10	–	≤ 0.15	≤ 2.0	≤ 0.75	≤ 0.045	≤ 0.03	–
309S	22-24	12-15	–	≤ 0.08	≤ 2.0	≤ 1.0	≤ 0.045	≤ 0.03	–
310S	24-26	19-22	–	≤ 0.08	≤ 2.0	≤ 1.5	≤ 0.045	≤ 0.03	–
317L	18-20	11-15	3-4	≤ 0.03	≤ 2.0	≤ 0.75	≤ 0.045	≤ 0.03	–

Stainless Steel Grades Mechanical Properties

The mechanical properties of stainless steel, including tensile strength, yield strength, and elongation, play a crucial role in determining its suitability for various applications. Tensile strength indicates the maximum stress the material can withstand without breaking, while yield strength denotes the stress level at which it begins to deform plastically. Elongation represents the material’s ductility, measuring how much it can stretch before breaking. Understanding these properties helps industries select the appropriate stainless steel grade for applications that require specific performance under load, impact, or environmental stress.

The table below provides mechanical property values for popular stainless steel grades, aiding in the selection of materials based on strength and flexibility requirements.

Grade	Tensile Strength (MPa)	Yield Strength (MPa)	Elongation (%)
304	515	205	40
304L	485	170	40
316	515	205	40
316L	485	170	40
321	520	205	40
347	515	205	40
410	480	275	20
420	650	440	20
430	450	280	22
440C	760	450	18
2205	620	450	25
904L	490	220	35
17-4 PH	930	725	15
15-5 PH	1050	860	12
302	515	205	40
309S	550	210	40
310S	520	205	40
317L	515	205	35

Thermal Properties of Stainless Steel by Grade

Thermal properties like thermal conductivity and the coefficient of thermal expansion are key factors in selecting stainless steel for applications exposed to high temperatures. Thermal conductivity measures how efficiently heat is transferred through the material, while the coefficient of thermal expansion indicates how much the material expands when heated. These properties affect the stability, strength, and performance of stainless steel in high-heat environments such as furnaces, heat exchangers, and engine components.

The table below provides thermal property values for popular stainless steel grades, enabling engineers and designers to choose materials that meet specific temperature-related requirements.

Grade	Thermal Conductivity (W/m·K)	Coefficient of Thermal Expansion (µm/m·°C)	Temperature Range (°C)
304	16.2	17.3	20-100
304L	16.2	17.3	20-100
316	16.3	16.0	20-100
316L	16.3	16.0	20-100
321	15.8	16.5	20-100
347	15.6	16.2	20-100
410	24.9	9.9	20-100
420	24.9	10.3	20-100
430	23.9	10.4	20-100
440C	24.2	10.1	20-100
2205	19.0	13.7	20-100
904L	13.5	15.0	20-100
17-4 PH	18.4	10.8	20-100
15-5 PH	18.6	11.0	20-100
302	16.2	17.3	20-100
309S	15.6	15.8	20-100
310S	14.2	16.1	20-100
317L	14.6	15.3	20-100

Stainless Steel Grades Hardness Comparison

The hardness of stainless steel is a key factor in its performance for applications requiring wear resistance, durability, and strength. Hardness is commonly measured using scales such as Rockwell, Brinell, and Vickers, with each scale offering insight into how the material responds to scratching, indentation, and deformation. Different stainless steel grades exhibit distinct hardness levels, making them suited to specific uses, such as cutlery, tools, and high-wear applications.

The chart below provides hardness values for popular stainless steel grades, enabling easy comparison and selection based on application needs.

Grade	Rockwell Hardness (HRB/HRC)	Brinell Hardness (HBW)	Vickers Hardness (HV)
304	70-80 HRB	123-201	210
304L	70 HRB	123-183	200
316	79 HRB	146	225
316L	80 HRB	135-146	220
321	80 HRB	150	230
347	80 HRB	150	230
410	95 HRC	183	270
420	50 HRC	190-250	500
430	88 HRB	183	200
440C	58 HRC	248-265	600
2205	90 HRB	290	310
904L	70 HRB	160	230
17-4 PH	44 HRC	352	375
15-5 PH	46 HRC	360	380
302	80 HRB	123-183	210
309S	95 HRB	130-150	230
310S	85 HRB	130-150	230
317L	85 HRB	135-150	240